Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YK Delta)

Coastal delta communities are among the most vulnerable to climate change, causing most communities to wonder what their lands and waterways will look like in decades to come [1]. State reports identify villages of the Yukon-Kuskokwim (YK) Delta as underserved with respect to basic government services and highlight areas threatened by coastal erosion, flooding, and permafrost degradation [2–4]. Likewise, communities and traditional ways of life are threatened by sea level rise, salinization, and storm surge because of the low elevation (<15m) of the delta [1,5]. Additionally, the decrease in duration and extent of shorefast ice has contributed to greater storm impacts increasing the vulnerability of the YK Delta to coastal hazards [6]. These physical changes are forcing Alaskan Native communities to face new realities in their day-to-day lives. Within our theme “Water is our livelihood” changes in the hydrologic cycle are generating risks to health, sanitation, and infrastructure [7]. Populations living in rural villages in the YK Delta region experience challenges in the quality, accessibility, and reliability of drinking water and sanitation services [8–11]. These effects are being exacerbated by changes in climate and water budgets that are expected to influence water cycles in the Arctic [12–15].

As communities navigate the changing Arctic together, it is essential to chart a course that holistically considers the physical and human dimensions of these new realities. This requires a partnership in the co-production of knowledge using both Indigenous Knowledge (IK) and convergent science to understand how a changing environment will impact water systems and the people that rely on them. Driven by community priorities identified by Indigenous colleagues over the past 3 years (NNA Planning Award 1927644), this proposal was co-developed with the villages of Mekoryuk, on Nunivak Island, and Kongiganak, west of the mouth of the Kuskokwim River with support from local and regional organizations. Despite the challenges of the pandemic, we built a mutual working relationship that culminated in the three research themes and associated component focus areas. Through this partnership we will advance the understanding of the changing Arctic and its impacts on these communities, their lands, and community livelihoods [16].

Map by: Hunter Allen

References

  1. Beck CA, Stewart HL, Dutton I, Murphy K, Powers E, Sterne C, et al. Adapt Y-K Delta:
    Climate Adaptation Strategy for the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta Region. Anchorage,
    Alaska; 2019. Available: https://adaptalaska.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/ADAPTYK_
    Strategies_FINAL_sm.pdf
  2. Denali Commission. Statewide Threat Assessment: Identification of Threats from Erosion,
    Flooding, and Thawing Permafrost in Remote Alaska Communities. Report prepared for
    the Denali Commission by University of Alaska Fairbanks Institute of Northern
    Engineering, US Army Corps of Engineers Alaska District and US Army Corps of
    Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.; 2019 p. 99. Report No.:
    Report #INE 19.3. Available: https://ine.uaf.edu/projects/statewide-threat-assessment/
  3. DGGS. ETC Data and Risk Assessment Status – Dashboard. In: Alaska Division of
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    maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/ba8ebf93adec4b6d9f601e2d59179f
    dd
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    Alaska. ARCTIC. 2014;67: 360. doi:10.14430/arctic4403
  6. Jorgenson T, Ely C. Topography and Flooding of Coastal Ecosystems on the Yukon-
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    2001;17: 124–136.
  7. Eichelberger L. Recognizing the dynamics of household water insecurity in the rapidly
    changing polar north: Expected uncertainties in access, quality, and consumption patterns
    in Niugtaq (Newtok), Alaska. World Development Perspectives. 2019;16: 100148.
    doi:10.1016/j.wdp.2019.100148
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    Remote Alaskan Communities. Preprints. 2020 [cited 28 Feb 2021].
    doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0743.v1
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  10. Mattos KJ, Eichelberger L, Warren J, Dotson A, Hawley M, Linden KG. Household Water,
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    doi:10.1089/ees.2020.0283
  11. Thomas TK, Ritter T, Bruden D, Bruce M, Byrd K, Goldberger R, et al. Impact of providing
    in-home water service on the rates of infectious diseases: results from four communities in
    Western Alaska. Journal of Water and Health. 2016;14: 132–141.
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  12. Evengard B, Berner J, Brubaker M, Mulvad G, Revich B. Climate change and water
    security with a focus on the Arctic. Global Health Action. 2011;4: 8449.
    doi:10.3402/gha.v4i0.8449
  13. Harper SL, Wright C, Masina S, Coggins S. Climate change, water, and human health
    research in the Arctic. Water Security. 2020;10: 100062. doi:10.1016/j.wasec.2020.100062
  14. Parkinson AJ, Butler JC. Potential impacts of climate change on infectious diseases in the Arctic. International Journal of Circumpolar Health. 2005;64: 478–486. doi:10.3402/ijch.v64i5.18029
  15. Warren JA, Berner JE, Curtis T. Climate change and human health: infrastructure impacts
    to small remote communities in the north. International Journal of Circumpolar Health.
    2005;64: 487–497. doi:10.3402/ijch.v64i5.18030
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    Arctic science amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Nat Commun. 2020;11: 6278.
    doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19923-2