275 thoughts on “Post responses to Week 8 readings on CBPR here!”

  65. Your insights on this week’s readings are truly thought-provoking! I’m impressed by how you’ve incorporated your prior knowledge from the Public Health Communication course to engage with new concepts, such as community-based participatory research (CBPR). Your ability to make these connections not only enhances your analysis but also reflects a deeper understanding of the complexities in public health. Keep up the excellent work! read more at https://www.easkme.com

    Reply ↓

  66. The article on CBPR (Community-Based Participatory Research) emphasizes the importance of involving community members as equal partners in the research process, which can lead to more relevant and impactful outcomes.

    Reply ↓

  67. The article on CBPR (Community-Based Participatory Research) emphasizes the importance of involving community members as equal partners in the research process, which can lead to more relevant and impactful outcomes1.

    How do you think the principles of CBPR can be applied to improve public health initiatives in your community?
    Thank you.

    Reply ↓

  68. Your reflections on this week’s readings are incredibly thought-provoking! I’m impressed by how you’ve drawn on your prior knowledge from the Public Health Communication course to engage with new ideas like community-based participatory research (CBPR). Your ability to connect these concepts not only enriches your analysis but also demonstrates a deepening understanding of the complexities within public health. Keep up the great work!
    https://dppic.in/

    Reply ↓

  69. Your reflections on this week’s readings are truly insightful! I appreciate how you’ve seamlessly integrated your previous knowledge from the Public Health Communication course with new concepts such as community-based participatory research (CBPR). It’s wonderful to see the connections you’re making and how they enhance your understanding of these critical topics
    https://dppic.in/

    Reply ↓

    • Your reflections on this week’s readings are insightful! It’s great to see how you’ve connected previous knowledge from your Public Health Communication course with new concepts like community-based organisations https://PhotosBulk.com/

      Reply ↓

  74. Atlas FUSD is a unified student data system for the Fremont Unified School District. It allows students, parents, and staff to access grades, attendance, and other academic information in one place. This platform enhances communication and supports academic progress within the district.

    Reply ↓

  77. Your article’s thorough research and captivating writing kept me hooked from start to finish. Your expertise shines through, and I genuinely appreciate the insights you’ve shared. Thanks for the valuable content! By the way, for more info, check out Laser Hair Removal in Philadelphia. Great read on – Festalk

    Reply ↓

  78. I sincerely appreciate your article’s thorough research and excellent writing. It piqued my interest so intensely that I felt compelled to keep reading. Your knowledge and ability are evident. Thank you very much for sharing your insights. By the way, look into Laser Hair Removal in Philadelphia for more information.

    Reply ↓

  79. VPN+ is an exceptional choice for anyone seeking reliable and secure online browsing. With VPN+, you can access the internet freely and anonymously, ensuring your data is always protected. One of the standout features of VPN+ is its extensive list of FREE VPN SERVICES, which provide robust encryption and privacy without any cost. Whether you are concerned about security on public Wi-Fi or need to bypass geo-restrictions, VPN+ has you covered with its comprehensive suite of tools. For more information on how VPN+ can enhance your online experience, visit their official website.

    Reply ↓

  81. Thanks for the week 8 update. Mybalancenow com Check your Visa balance Mybalancenow Revolutionizing cleaning with smart automation. Eco-friendly, efficient, and reliable, the future of facility maintenance.

    Reply ↓

  85. Increment energy- sugar defender contains energy-supporting fixings that give reasonable energy levels. The recipe keeps you energized over the course of the day and kills weakness and drowsiness.

    Reply ↓

  87. Kepala Bergetar Tonton Malaysian Dramas Dfm2u Dan Malay Filem Full Episod Online. Kbergetar Myinfotaip All Episod Telefilem Terkini Episode.

    Reply ↓

  88. Kepala Bergetar Tonton Dfm2u Malaysian Dramas Dan Malay Filem Full Episod Online. Myinfotaip Kbergetar All Episod Terkini Telefilem on kepalabergetar.cfd.

    Reply ↓

  89. Kepala Bergetar Tonton Dfm2u Malay Dramas Dan Malaysian Filem Full Episod Online. Myinfotaip Kbergetar All Episod Terkini Telefilem.

    Reply ↓

  91. Burger King conducts Customer survey at official website of MYBKExperience at http://www.mybkexperience.com. Enter your survey code give your honest opinions and valuable responses. Are you looking for the rewards of Burger King Survey? Win Free whopper on participating survey with purchase receipt to receive the validation code that can be redeemed to get is awarded which can be utilised on your next visit to the burger restaurant.
    https://mybkexperience.cafe/

    Reply ↓

  95. MYBKExperience is an official site where valuable customer opinions & responses from the Survey will help restaurant like Burger King to understand the customer satisfaction. These customer insights will be taken from survey at http://www.mybkexperience.com (Visit the Official Site Now). As receipt is necessary for Customers to get free whoppers for survey participation within the timeframe are eligible to win free whopper chicken sandwiches.If the survey page not working, report to qualitrics XM.
    https://mybkexperience.cafe/

    Reply ↓

  107. Nice Post, Kroger Conducts a customer satisfaction survey in the name of “Kroger Feedback” through their official website. Customers who shop at Kroger are eligible to participate in the KrogerFeedback Survey

    Reply ↓

  121. NHK 紅白 歌 合戦 2023テレビ放送、2023年12月31日(日)午後7時20分からNHK総合テレビで放送！第74回NHK紅白歌合戦が、2023年12月31日（日）午後7時20分から11時45分まで、NHK総合テレビ・BSプレミアム4K・BS8K・ラジオ第1・NHKプラスで放送されます。 司会は、有吉弘行、橋本環奈、浜辺美波、高瀬耕造が務めます。 出場歌手は、内外合わせて50組です。内訳は、男性歌手25組、女性歌手20組、グループ15組です。 初出場歌手は、YOASOBI、Ado、なにわ男子、BE:FIRST、LE SSERAFIM、アンジュルム、乃木坂46、日向坂46、櫻坂46、HYBE LABELS JAPANからデビューした新人グループ7組です。 また、今回で最後の出場となる歌手は、EXILE、三山ひろし、氷川きよし、伍代夏子、鈴木雅之、坂本冬美、北島三郎、さだまさし、天童よしみ、五木ひろしの10組です。 曲順は、2023年12月26日に発表されました。 オープニングは、YOASOBIが「三原色」を歌います。 白組のトップバッターは、EXILEが「Choo Choo TRAIN」を歌います。紅組のトップバッターは、Adoが「踊」を歌います。 白組のトリは、三山ひろしが「花」を歌います。紅組のトリは、北島三郎が「与作」を歌います。 また、今回の紅白歌合戦では、以下の企画が予定されています。

    Reply ↓

  123. 試合開始時刻や視聴方法など、詳細情報をチェックしよう！井上尚弥 vs マーロン・タパレス戦ライブブロードキャスト配信は2023年12月26日に有明アリーナで行われる井上尚弥vsタパレスのスーパーバンタム級4団体統一戦は、動画配信サービスで独占無料生配信される。地上波での放送はないため、日本でフル視聴するためにはLeminoに入る必要がある。井上vsタパレスの直前特番として、ボクシング通として知られる千原ジュニア氏を始めとした豪華出演者たちと観戦し、井上尚弥選手の軌跡を振り返る特番を2023年12月21日から3日間連続で独占ライブ配信する。さらに、12月24日に四団体統一戦直前記者会見、同25日に四団体統一戦前日計量の独占ライブ配信をし、計5日間に渡り、直前特番のライブ配信も実施する。

    Reply ↓

  124. The Rose Bowl Parade 2024 is scheduled to kick off on January 1st, 2024, at 8 AM. The breathtaking procession will wind its way through the streets of Pasadena, California, showcasing spectacular floral displays, lively marching bands, and captivating entertainment.2024 Rose Bowl Parade Live Online and it Scheduled to unfold on January 1st, 2024, this annual extravaganza is a prelude to the Rose Bowl Game, a historic college football matchup that takes place later the same day. URL : https://api-staging.spartan.com/

    Reply ↓

  125. Castle reshapes your experience with a smooth interface, perfect streaming, and top-notch HD quality. Dive into a content treasure trove, featuring personalized recommendations.

    Reply ↓

  128. Raden138 merupakan agen yang telah dijamin dan juga terpercaya, Raden138 telah banyak menerima lisensi resmi sehingga tidak perlu di ragukan lagi sebab terpercaya dan aman untuk Anda mainkan. Raden138 juga menjanjikan kemenangan besar serta banyak keuntungan yang sangat mudah untuk diperoleh hanya dengan bermodalkan 25.000 saja.

    Reply ↓

  129. The Chili Bowl Nationals is an annual dirt track racing event that has captured the hearts of racing enthusiasts and casual fans alike. This high-octane spectacle, held each January in Tulsa, Oklahoma, is a celebration of grassroots racing talent, intense competition, and a passionate community that comes together to witness some of the most thrilling races in the world of motorsports. In this comprehensive article, we will delve into everything you need to know about the Chili Bowl Nationals.

    Yearning for the exhilarating thrills of Chili Bowl 2024 Live? Get ready, because the approaching season is set to deliver thunderous engines and breathtaking stunts that will keep you perched at the edge of your seat. The greatest aspect? You can savor every bit of this without leaving the confines of your home.

    Reply ↓

  139. حصلت هذه المواقع على اعتراف من هيئات تصميم وتطوير الويب الاحترافية مثل Awwwards ÙˆWebby Awards. أنظر من خلال موقعنا…

    Reply ↓

    • “Apple is completely replaceable for me, and that’s true of wellsfargo login to a point as well. Amazon is pretty unparalleled in what it does, and I use a lot of its services outside of e-commerce (Prime Video, Prime Music, Prime Photos). Google not only is my life, but it also runs my life with my email, calendar and cell phone all under that same umbrella.”

      Reply ↓

  144. Agen Slot Terpercaya Dewataspin Merupakan Agen Slot Yang Bisa Anda mainkan dimana pun dan kapan pun Anda ingin bermain, langsung buka situs resmi Dewataspin dan langsung memainkan permainan apa saja yang ingin Anda mainkan, Anda bisa langsung membuktikannya sendiri hanya dengan memainkan satu user ID saja di situs gacor Dewataspin sekarang. Kunjungi situs resmi Kami Disini Link Slot Gacor.

    Reply ↓

  148. Gabung sekarang juga di situs kami Gaspoll88, banyak bonus dan hadiah yang bisa kalian dapatkan. Agen Slot Online Merupakan situs judi online yang Aman dan Terpercaya di Indonesia, dengan adanya Prediksi Slot Gacor Hari Ini Dan RTP Winrate yang akurat kalian pasti akan mudah cuan di situs kami.

    Reply ↓

  149. Daftar User ID Sekarang juga agar anda bisa memainkan banyak sekali jenis permainan yang tersedia dalam situs slot online Bigo88 nantinya, sehingga nantinya anda bisa menikmati berbagai kelebihan dan keuntungan dalam bermain.

    Reply ↓

  152. sürme cam balkon hakkında detaylı bilgi, en uygun fiyatlı ve hızlı çözümleriyle cam balkon hizmeti veren firmamıza ulaşmak için hemen websitemizi ziyaret edin.

    Reply ↓

  161. Elegant Home Life is a blog about home improvement. Here we talk about things like remodeling, renovating, and fixing up old houses?

    Digital Agency
    Bitcoin

    web development agency

    Kriptoks

    Learn how to grow a beautiful garden with our Gardening Tips. We share gardening hacks and tricks that will help you grow the best flowers and vegetables.

    Reply ↓

  169. Chipotle Holidays Hours – Chipotle provides tasty food, in a neighbourhood setting, with attentive service, at a fantastic value.

    Chipotle serves a focused menu of burrito bowls, burritos, tacos, and salads. In addition, Chipotle has added new menu items such as chorizo and introduced a rewards program called Chiptopia.

    Reply ↓

  181. Hello Sir, Your work is so good I appreciate your work you are working hard. I have to bookmark your website. I will visit your website again soon. Thanks for writing such articles and sharing them with us.

    Reply ↓

  182. নানি নাম রেখেছিলেন আবদুর রহমান। সে নাম অবশ্য কোথাও লিপিবদ্ধ হয়নি। পরে নামবদল করেন বাবা। মেয়ের নাম দেন লালারুখ, ছেলের শাহরুখ। যদিও ছোটবেলায় সিনেমা থেকে যোজন যোজন দূরত্বে ছিলেন শাহরুখ। প্রথমে আর্মি স্কুলে ভর্তি করা হয়। পরে মা ভেবে দেখেন, পরিবারের প্রথম ছেলে সেনাবাহিনীতে চলে যাবে…। তখন অনেকের পরামর্শ—ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং পড়াও। তাঁর নিজের ঝোঁক ছিল খেলাধুলায়। বিশেষ করে হকিতে। তবে আর্মি স্কুলে পড়া, ইঞ্জিনিয়ার বা খেলোয়াড় কিছুই করা হয়নি। হয়েছেন হিন্দি সিনেমার অন্যতম জনপ্রিয় অভিনেতা।

    Reply ↓

  192. Great post, Thanks a lot! In this digital age, it is important to explore methods to stay knowledgeable and connected fnaf 2. Reading articles like this is one of the simplest means of getting there basketbros, however as an adult it can be difficult to find the time and focus to read. So I’m very happy to read such a good article

    Reply ↓

  200. Bonanza138 Jika pada umumnya player deposit dengan pulsa akan dikenakan potongan jika deposit dengna pulsa. Bonanza 138 memang berbeda dan memberikan pelayanan yang lebih untuk player yakni tanpa potongan sama sekali dan juga tidak ada pengecualian pada provider tertentu, semua tanpa potongan. Dengan kemudahan dan pelayanan lebih ini kami juga memberikan tambahan promosi khusus untuk player dengan memberikan promo event yang diberikan diawal. Jumlah koin yang diterima oleh player lebih besar dari nominal deposit sebesar 10%. daftar sekarang

    Reply ↓

  202. Such a beautiful journey!! You have shared your story that anyone would think they were writing the book themselves. Really inspiring!! Wishing you more and more success.🚀🚀

    Reply ↓

  204. If you’re buying a sport that could give you enjoyment, excitement and peace, then consider enjoying a slot machine. These day there are plenty of casinos providing online casino activities including game slots. On the web casinos are becoming a remarkably popular destination for players who need to really have a wonderful time while enjoying their favorite casino games. While there are numerous advantages in enjoying on the web activities including ease, it’s also advisable to be aware of the disadvantages in enjoying such games. If you wish to be described as a champion and enjoy your casino visits, it is sensible to carefully look at the negatives in online casino gaming before choosing if you will take portion in the game. This will allow you to reduce your self from experiencing unpleasant situations and give you more enjoyment while enjoying your on the web casino trips.

    Reply ↓

  205. To begin with you ought to generally contemplate that there are a number of on line casinos from what type can choose to obtain the most effective game position machine experience. First thing that anybody wish to do is to locate an on the web casino that’s got the very best sport slots and that can be carried out by keeping some crucial factors in mind. There are numerous online casinos from which you can entry and make the most of this golden prospect but there are several factors that you might want to help keep in your thoughts and this will make certain that you find a very good experience. These recommendations and techniques will make certain that you produce a good choice and collect the big jackpot.

    Reply ↓

  207. Brushless Impact drivers are tools that deliver high concussive rotational force. They are mainly used for driving screws; either insert or remove large screws from workpieces that have harder density and require higher power to be drilled such as wood, metal, plaster, brick, and masonry.

    Reply ↓

  208. The Red Lobster Happy Hour after an exhausting day at work is a great way to get the energy boost you require. What’s not to like about it?
    http://www.happy-hours-menu.info/
    Red Lobster Happy Hour Food and drinks to celebrate the workday are great evenings of socializing for me. It’s also possible to enjoy it for only a fraction of what you usually pay on the weekend.

    Reply ↓

  214. Mrcasino, güncellik bakımından güçlü kalabilecek bir adres. Genel hatlarıyla verim sağlayacağınız bir sisteme sahip. Özellikle de canlı bahis alanında bu sistemi destekleyici birçok unsur var. Site lisansını Curacao Şans Oyunları Komisyonu’ndan sağlamakta. Altyapısal açıdan Netent Pronetgaming, Micorgaming ve Evolution Gaming gibi çok verimli teknik destek sağlayıcılarıyla hareket ediyor. Bu da Mrcasino canlı bahis sitesindeki temel düzeni daima verimli bir yapıya yerleştirebiliyor. Hatta bu alanda bahis sitesindeki genel yapının daima güvenilir ve daima hızlı bir ilerleyişte kalmasını destekleyebiliyor. Bu bakıma güven duyacağınız bir şans akışı kurdurduğu da söylenebilir bahis sitesi için.

    Reply ↓

  215. An outstanding share! I’ve just forwarded this onto a
    coworker who was conducting a little homework on this.
    And he actually bought me dinner because I found
    it for him… lol. So let me reword this…. Thanks for the meal!!
    But yeah, thanks for spending the time to talk about this subject here on your internet site.

    Reply ↓

  216. Google’s live TV streaming service is another great way to catch the Olympics on TV without cable. The YouTube TV channel bundle includes NBC, USA, and more. We were impressed by this service when we tested it for our YouTube TV review. NBC’s flagship channel is a broadcast TV network, which means NBC’s local affiliates all over the country broadcast the network over the air for free. Yes, it’s still possible to watch the Winter Olympics for free the same way past generations did, and all you’ll need is a modern antenna with enough range to pick up your nearest NBC affiliate. This is a great way to watch the Winter Olympics without cable if you care most about the big events, including the opening and closing ceremonies. It’s not, however, a way to watch the stuff on other NBC channels, such as USA Network. For that, you’ll have to use one of the other methods on this list.

    Reply ↓

  217. Plus, he’ll have the chance to serve as captain for the Raiders and he’s already been pegged as the ideal candidate to lead Team Canada at the World Juniors Live Free. It will be a shot at redemption for Guhle and the Canadian squad after losing the gold-medal game in heartbreaking fashion last year. It should come as no surprise that he hopes to emulate Weber’s leadership style.

    Reply ↓

  219. This is likely one of the reasons that online shopping was so regular throughout the 2021 holiday season. When the store hours started at 7 p.m. on Thanksgiving Day, there were still tons of Incorporate They knew that they could start shopping early in the morning on Black Friday. Because shops started delivering discounts and specials early on, people were in a better position to buy gifts and items at the right price. The sales were still slow moving, but not as slow as the following day after Thanksgiving, the official day after the holiday, when millions of consumers tried to beat the crowds to the malls.

    Reply ↓

  220. The develop US Eagles team is made up of a collection of promising young Gamers Many of them never performed a game of rugby, even although they had the chance. However these avid gamers are an exciting blend of Capability Endurance skill, attitude, and selection that has produced a very strong team.

    Reply ↓

  224. If you are looking for a game that can provide you with fun, enjoyment and rest, then contemplate playing a slot machine. There are now lots of casinos giving online casino activities including game slots. On the web casinos are becoming a popular location for participants who want to truly have a nice time while enjoying their favorite casino games. While there are lots of benefits in playing on the web activities including comfort, it’s also wise to be aware of the disadvantages in playing such games. If you intend to be considered a success and enjoy your casino visits, it is sensible to cautiously consider the cons in on line casino gaming before determining if you will require portion in the game. This will allow you to reduce your self from encountering uncomfortable conditions and offer you more satisfaction while enjoying your on line casino trips.

    Reply ↓

  229. Gamers hope to better their fingers with the cards they replace in this step. If they don’t, they are not most likely inspired enough in any case. You don’t require to rely on anyone else turning up for the poker game.

    Reply ↓

  232. A public health perspective characterized by social justice argues that public health problems are primarily socially generated and can be predicted based on the level of injustice and inequality in a society.

    Reply ↓

  235. as huge as we have now grown, we never forget that our prospects
    must at all times come first.. Providing glorious customer service is our highest
    priority and we prove it on daily basis. Our team is standing by to
    take your data and enable you to with any order.

    Reply ↓

  237. But readers also will see how involving communities of color and other stigmatized groups as equal partners in a strength-based and action oriented research -process, beginning with community definition of the problem to be explored, can improve the quality & outcomes of the research

    Reply ↓

    • Thanks for sharing this post with us. When you ride too often, you put your body under a huge amount of stress. It’s not easy to cycle on tough tracks, as it demands a lot of energy. you will understand how important carbohydrates are and how can you get the right ones for your cycling needs.

      Reply ↓

  245. TV entertains/amuses me by fabricated news and programs. So given the fact that people particularly Restbet generation allot plenty amount of their time to watch TV it is the type of the news/programs which would determine that whether it has a positive or negative affect on the future generation of nations.

    Reply ↓

  250. Most importantly: as huge as we have now grown, we never forget that our prospects
    must at all times come first.. Providing glorious customer service is our highest
    priority and we prove it on daily basis. Our team is standing by to
    take your data and enable you to with any order.

    Reply ↓

  256. Both chapters 2 & 3 highlight what I consider to be the most essential and fundamental questions researchers can ask themselves: who is the research done by, who is it about, and who is it for? To me this very succinctly summarizes the importance of acknowledging and addressing the power relations inherent in the research process, and calls into question the issues of in/equity and the ownership of knowledge. As the authors state in chapter 2: “intellectuals [researchers] were to be catalysts and supports of educational processes but not the vanguard of social change” (p. 28). I appreciate the historical account of the development of the concept of community based participatory research, and that the authors clarify that participation and participatory are not identical concepts. History, of course, is not just limited to the development of CBPR, but is also a key consideration in participating in CBPR projects, especially as a researcher. Over the past few years, I have heard many times from people that I have worked with in Springfield that they are hesitant to work with the UMass community. I do believe that recent research projects have contributed to an improved relationship between Umass and Springfield specifically, but there is a very real and present memory of being taken advantage of, being used for data-mining, and feeling like “lab rats” (those words came right from a woman I met in the fall). The process of CBPR takes essential and proactive steps to redress rocky histories like this. At the same time, without knowing a community very well, researchers engaging in CBPR can unknowingly perpetuate power inequities within a community through partnering with agencies or individuals that don’t necessarily represent the entire community. In talking about some of the critiques of CBPR, the authors cite the time required to develop meaningful relationships and trust. At the same time, they point out that taking this time is more likely to lead to sustainable programming. Although sustainability is often a stated goal in research, the models that are commonly used make this a difficult goal to achieve. This ties into the authors’ discussion about the concept of “scaling up” interventions: translating small scale project designs and success to a large-scale format (p. 39).

    Chapter 3 tells us that the basis of CBPR is the concept of a community as a common identity. I believe this to be true, but that it should be acknowledged that within each community there is a diversity of peoples and opinions. I found the breakdown of the specific components of CBPR to be a very helpful explanation of the overall framework. I also like that although the authors define the principles, they also acknowledge that they cannot always be superimposed onto a community; that each community has its own specific and individual context. Until reading this chapter, I had considered CBPR to be a specific methodology. I agree with the authors’ clarification that CBPR is not a methodology, but rather a framework to promote equity. As such, the authors highlight the value of talking openly about existing inequalities within the CBPR partnership as a way to further support trust and partnership. While I agree with this in theory, I would have been interested to read how one would go about approaching this in practice. I would think it would be tricky, and would have to be approached very delicately so as not to disrupt relationships.

    One critique I had about the articles was the use of the term “post-colonial” when discussing CBPR as a transformative research framework. I prefer the use of the term decolonial, as “post” implies an ending. In reality, many, if not most, of the existing power inequities are directly related to the ongoing legacy of colonialism. I do see CBPR as a decolonial framework, and prefer this to the concept of “post” colonial. I did also want to mention one point from the White Like Me film that I really liked: it was from the scene when the guy/narrator is in college and talking to a crowd about boycotting the South African government, and a woman in the audience asks him what work he was doing to address racism in his own community. This make me think a lot about how global health is glamorized when compared to local examples of inequity. That point really stuck with me, and is something I have been thinking about a lot. I wasn’t wild about the movie from last week, but did love the comparison of advertising to colonialism. That is so very true, and goes back to my criticism of the concept of post-colonialism.

    Reply ↓

  257. As others have noted, CBPR is a topic I am familiar with and have some experience with but these readings really helped me dig a bit deeper into the history, theory, and practice. Wallerstein and Duran (2010) laid out the development of CBPR- I found this section particularly helpful in visualizing the spectrum of ideas/models- “…action science, organizational research, and the related traditions grounded in the Lewinian model are to be found at the end of the continuum focusing on pragmatic use of knowledge, with cooperative, psychological, and mutual inquiry being found closer to the middle of the continuum. The participatory research and PAR approaches associated with liberator political Freirian goals and the Southern tradition are generally to be found clustered at the other end” (pg.29). I actually drew out this spectrum!

    Another section of this article that stood out to me was discussion on the relationship between community members and outside researchers; Habernas explains that we are living in two worlds- the systems world (legal, economic, political) and the life world (family, culture, tradition). He explains that the life world has become dominated by the systems world and that people can easily become clients and consumers. We as researchers we must be weary of re-enforcing of these roles.

    Israel et al, (2010) discuss critical issues in working with CBPR. As Jamir mentioned, I would have loved to read this article prior to participating in some of the projects I have worked on. I thought the principles were all incredibly important and I also thought it was significant that the authors warned about the need for flexibility and adaptation when working with these principles.

    I thought a lot about the 9th principle: CBPR requires a long-term process and commitment to sustainability. To me, this is one of the most important parts of a partnership. While working with community organizations, I have seen well intentioned projects fall by the wayside after researchers left or after the semester ended. I think that real productive CBPR projects truly need long-term commitment.

    Reply ↓

  258. Community-based Participatory Research

    I found Chapter two, The Theoretical, Historical, and Practice Roots of CBPR by Wallerstein and Duran to be very informative. Various terminologies are available when discussing participatory research. While I thought I understood many of the terminologies I could not tell the difference between them. Actually, I realized that I was using words interchangeably. This particular article helped me to see that the there difference between these terminologies is their emphasis. It was also nice to be exposed to the vocab and theories associated with participatory research. I was completely oblivious to the two traditions (Northern and Southern), which shaped the terms we use today. Also, I am glad that the Ferien approach was included in this chapter. I think I could adopt many of his approach in my MPH project.

    Many of the questions brought up the article really helped me to asses my own understanding of participatory research. The authors asked (what may at first seem to be a simple question) “what makes research participatory?” Well it is easy to answer, well a research that involves say community involvement. But as I began answering this question, I realized just how complex it is to define participatory research. How many of the participants need to be involved? In what ways do they need to be involved? In which aspects do they need to be involved in order for the project to get the stamp of approval for being participatory research? Chapter 3 Critical Issues in Developing and Following CBPR Principles mentioned that not everyone will need to be involved the same way “different level of involvement may be appropriate for different people.” While I think this is how research plays out in the real word and there is a lot of logical reasoning for working this way, it does not sit well with me. Because this way of working could actually heighten power dynamic (an aspect of research that we want to neutralize as much as possible).

    Continuing with the theme of involvement, the authors from both of the articles highlighted the importance of involving community partners in data analysis and interpretation. I had not heard of this way of involving the community before as silly as that sounds. I mean involving community during planning, implanting and evaluation (of program) phase is crucial and well understood, but the concept of community involvement during data analysis is not widespread (I think?).

    Reply ↓

  259. Since the beginning of the semester I’ve been learning about the production and the theories of knowledge (which I now know it’s called epistemology) through the classes I’m taking. At first, it was a little difficult to think about how we can produce knowledge, but most importantly, how that knowledge could be “legit” or “correct”. Some people say that there’s no correct or incorrect production of knowledge, but the way you gain it. On the other hand, other people say that the best way to produce and gain knowledge is through research. I like the latter, but I also think that not all types of research are good or correct for the production of knowledge. Therefore, I have to say that I really like what CBPR does, in terms of interconnecting research, action, and education. Wallenstein & Duran (p. 32) gave a good explanation about how CBPR could be so meaningful in this matter in Chapter 2 “Although positivist research paradigms consider knowledge creation to be a neutral and value-free activity, CBPR researchers have often drawn from more reflexive and interpretative modes of inquiry that explore the dialectic between researcher and what is being researched (Denzin & Lincoln, 2000; Poland, 1996; Reason, 1994)”. This also made me think that the best way to teach someone about the issues and concerns that are happening in the community and how to approach them is to become involved in the search for a solution.

    When reading Barbara Israel’s (et al.) chapter, I couldn’t help but feel excited because I had the opportunity to meet her last summer and to learn about her experiences with CBPR and the Detroit Community-Academic Research Center (URC). Last summer I attended the Graduate Summer Session in Epidemiology held by the University of Michigan Ann Arbor, and was part of the Methods in CBPR for Health course. For a week, Dr. Israel brought different collaborators to the class to talk about their efforts as part of the URC project and to give examples about how CBPR projects could be sustainable and durables in the community after the research is “done”. Thus, reading about the principles of CBPR in the actual reading made me remember about the activities we did in Dr. Israel’s class and how we could sense the different roles that a person could represent as part of a CBPR. Moreover, I consider these principles as a good way to learn about how to work in the community since day 0, and through the process of achieving (or not) the goals that were proposed. But, I also agree that “no one set of CBPR principles is applicable to all partnerships” (p. 52) because as the nature of any research and/or any partnership, there are differences in terms of the people involved and the resources that might be available that could change the way to do things “correctly”. It’s important to understand what a community is and the collaborations that could be made by working in it, so the expectations made through the planning and implementation processes could be achieved. Lastly, I also think that it’s important to understand the procedures of dissemination and that even when the community members might just be lay workers in the partnerships, they need to be included as part of this process. By giving oral presentations of the research findings to the community in an “easy” language and taking in consideration the community’s feedback, is a good way to engage the community with the actual and further research projects.

    Reply ↓

  260. This week’s readings covered a topic that I am familiar with on the surface, but needed an in-depth exploration of in order to uncover additional information. The historical context through which Community Based Participatory Research came to be is important to how we currently understand the CBPR method and perspectives supporting a more Southern or Northern approach, as discussed by Wallerstein and Duran. I found one particular statement about CBPR in this text to be extremely simple yet relevant: “…shift from objects of study to participating in the inquiry” (Wallerstein & Duran, p.28). This is the fundamental idea of CBPR–to involve the community in a specific capacity in order to create a partnership in addressing community needs.

    How many times have we heard throughout our course of study in Public Health or related fields…”who knows about the community better than the community?” or something along those lines. This is extremely valid AND grasping the concept of community involvement is crucial for successful endeavors for health and wellness. Although the use of CBPR is instrumental in effective programming, Israel, et al. caution us about issues that may arise. One concept that stuck out to me, due to its relevance relating to previous discussions is the idea of power. According to Israel, et. al. it is important that CBPR facilitates collaborative equitable partnership in all research phases. Oftentimes, as the researcher it becomes easier to make collective decisions independently, this requires careful work on the researchers behalf. We must understand the power roles that occur not only within the community, but those we possess as well and how that may influence community relationships.

    The element of CBPR that I am most partial to is the promotion of co-learning among all partners. Both Wallerstein & Duran as well as Israel, et. al. discussed how there is a mutual learning experience that takes place over the course of Community Based Participatory Research. It is important to note, that the researchers do not contain all the educational information, but rather it is a two-way street of collaborative learning. In my opinion, this is KEY! Furthermore, Brown & Vega examined the protocol for CBPR and two particular items were of distinct interest: considering participant protection and also the balance of community and researcher interests. Additionally, we must first understand that communities are diverse and one specific protocol may not map on to every community. Overall, these readings remind us that communities are living, breathing entities, all different in their own regard, yet each a wealth of untapped knowledge.

    Reply ↓

    • Electricians must drill out numerous surfaces when installing an electric board or routing wire through a wall. Different drill bits require different sorts of electrical work by electrical engineers. An electrician will need specific drills for each of these applications to execute them. To deal with those duties, we compiled a list of the best drill bits for electricians.

      Reply ↓

  261. In chapter 2 (Wallerstein & Duran), community-based participatory research(CBPR) is defined as a participation research and three interconnected goals(research, action, and education). And there are two traditions that one is called Northern tradition, which means collaborative utilization-focused research with practical goals of system improvement, another one is called Southern tradition, which challenges the historical colonizing practices of research and political domination of knowledge by elites. The authors said that CBPR needs both traditions. Most important thing in this chapter is reducing gap between research(academia) and community through CBPR. It is hard to build trust between researchers and communities. This should be a question for every community health professionals.
    Chapter 3 (Israel, Schulz, Parker, Becker, Allen, & Guzman) supplements how to develop and follow the CBPR principles. There should be an approach that all of CBPR’s members, such as researchers, community members, and organizational representatives have equal involvement. To success the CBPR , everyone tried to know and trust each other. This also brings question. How?? There are nine CBPR principles in chapter 3. It sounds like hard to achieve but we as the community health professionals, can reduce a gap between members of CBPR through these principles. Consensus decision making can be a good method to develop a final decision making. In consensus decision making process, there is an advantage that people can express their own opinions without complete agreement. Most impressed part of chapter 3 is that for working with people, we should start where the people are. Actually, I try to remember that I decided before coming U.S. My degree and my knowledge are not just for me. I learned in this class that if I want to help and change a small world, I must go. This is actually not easy. However, I tried to keep in mind.
    Finally, I would like to comments on video clip “Regeneration”, which we watched in last class. It said that media has been strongly working for young generation. I totally agree with this. Media can be a barrier to know who I am. I was surprised that people watch TV 4 hours a day in U.S. Media is able to control people’s mind and thought by this process. Of course, public health workers can use media to improve people’s health. But it is hard to be on public air because of political and commercial reasons. If teenagers do not watch TV and media, these teenagers are treated as a fool today.

    Reply ↓

  262. I found these readings to be pragmatic and helpful in thinking about ways to honor knowledge in all of its forms, and from a variety of sources. A main take-home message from Chapter 2 was that all parties involved in research are bringing their knowledge, experiences and histories and that there is value in structured academia as much as there is in folklore. Additionally the emphasis in the earlier part of Chapter 2 about the various methods by which many fields attempt to bring in multiple voices and perspectives, only strengthened the distilled definition of CBPR as one integrating the three goals of research, action and education (Wallerstein & Duran, 2008:26).

    As someone who has heard the term “CBPR” being used in multiple [academic settings] I was intrigued by the unpacking of the term through outlining practical steps to engage the various aspects named as its goals. In looking at the Northern approach of exploring the rift between theory and practice and the Southern approach of looking at structural violence, colonizing and histories it became especially evident that CBPR strives to create gains for all parties involved in the research process (Wallerstein & Duran, 2008:27, 29).

    In imagining ways to integrate this practice into Public Health work I reflected on class discussions from earlier in the semester when we discussed illness as being discrete and quantifiable, whereas health pertains to dignity and a much broader context of wellbeing. In employing the direct steps outlined in Chapter 3 (acknowledging identity, existing resources, equitable partnership through phases of research, co – learning, praxis, ecological perspective, systems approach, sharing knowledge, long-term commitment) there seems to be much more room for praxis and for continuity throughout the breadth of a project (Israel et al., 2008:50-52).

    In reflecting on the work that I myself am engaged in I feel that the steps outlined in both Chapter 3 and Appendix A are worth returning to and assessing. Is the language I’m using accessible? Is my own reflexivity as a researcher being challenged as is outline in Fine’s approach (Wallerstein & Duran, 2008:37)? These readings, I feel can offer a lot of guidance in beginning this process.

    Reply ↓

  263. Glad the bubble came up to post the response. It was down for a while.

    Anyway, I enjoyed the video that we seen in class last week (“ReGeneration). I feel that important issues were brought up & I especially like the old video of Mos Def (one of my favorite rappers) when he was talking about igniting change to those in attendance at the book store he co-owned with Talib Kweli.
    It is unfortunate that today’s youth feel that they are not able to make a difference. After what happened in the past few decades, there has been a social movement (i.e.: civil rights, voting rights, drug era of the 80’s, and then to the HIV/AIDS epedimic of the 90’s), now it seems that this culture is self-driven; only cares about themselves and not bigger issues of the society. In the video one of the young lady’s says: “What can I do? I am just 1 junior in high school.” That is sad, and I know there are more people in the world who feel that they are not able to have an influence on the change of their culture or immediate surroundings. No we are not as active and I feel that is largely due to our culture of modern technology. People would prefer to sit in front of a computer and write something on facebook or twitter but not go to the source and voice their opinions. The youth today would rather someone else start the action and then help out. A generation of followers.

    In reference to the readings. I enjoyed them, mainly because i am doing work centered around Community Based Participatory Research aligned with my MPH project. And actually, it would have done me some good to read these articles months ago. i only say that because i did not fully understand what CBPR is and what the outcomes should be. I have been a part of a program that has touched on most characteristics, but not the most important (in my opinion) and that is action for change. A quote from Minkler & Wallerstein is what caught my attention:
    “CBPR begins with a research topic of importance to the community with the aim of combining knowledge and action for social change to improve community health & eliminate health disparities”. The project that i have been working on does not have a plan for social change, which has caused a ripple in attaining the youth’s attention as I notice that the numbers are declining.

    The other interesting point I felt was interesting within the readings was in the article by Brown and Vega when it read:
    “But readers also will see how involving communities of color and other stigmatized groups as equal partners in a strength-based and action oriented research -process, beginning with community definition of the problem to be explored, can improve the quality & outcomes of the research”
    It seems a little confusing because just a few weeks ago in the reading (I forget by whom), these same groups of people were referred to as “oppressed” and needy. The people who lived in areas of high unemployment, high crime rate, and basically the minority populations of Black and Latino. Or should I understand that if these people are used for purposes of science and research then they are considered valuable.

    Reply ↓

    • The readings this week were interesting to me because I did not have much background knowledge about it before. It was also good to learn about the terminologies used by Wallerstain & Duran e.g. Northern tradition and Southern tradition – though still I am a bit confused about their definition/explanation.

      However, community-based participatory research was a known concept since we had touched on it in Public Health Communication course last semester, once. It was a thoughtful point when Wallerstain & Duran state that “…the life world has increasingly become dominated by the systems world…people became object, clients and consumers rather subject or democratic members of social society…the result can be seen in powerlessness, mental disease and…” (p. 30). As a community member I will be frustrated if I see that my participation in research do not bring such a change in my health or life that I may expect. I quite often am expected to follow the roles set by the researchers though I do not have much control on the data compiled at the end of research(s). Here, how the researcher can build the trust between us to improve the relationship between me/my community and research team? If such a relationship and trust is not properly made the researchers would not gain the information that they were seeking in their study.
      It is appreciated indeed when I found that Israel et al. (p. 50) emphasize that community-based participatory research is a source for co-learning and capacity building among all partners. There is no doubt that presence of research team in a community can be an opportunity for the people to acquire the research skills meanwhile the researchers will learn of the social context during the course of research which later can be helpful for them when they work/do research in a different/or even similar context.

      That being said, we realize that CBPR needs to make sure that a meaningful contribution to improving the health of communities will happen later on. But how this can be distinguished that whether or not a research has been community-based (O’Toole, Aaron, Chin, Horowitz, & Tyson, 2003). In addition, – o’Toole, et al., talks about the impact of a CBPR but I think I still need to learn more to know how we can determine the impact of a CBPR conducted by a team of research in a community.

      By the way, with regard to the video we watched last week in class, I would say that I was impressed by the way it highlights the media effect on individuals particularly the young generation. Now a days, media especially TV forms almost all life of individuals/teenagers which is both advantageous and frustrating. People need to know what is going on in their circumstances or around the globe, and learn about progress in new technology which TV is a good means to reach these update through it. However, it is frustrating and even harmful if it can not reflect the realities of the globe to its audience. I will be kept in ignorance and in darkness about the genuine occurrences of my surrounding events if the TV entertains/amuses me by fabricated news and programs. So given the fact that people particularly young generation allot plenty amount of their time to watch TV it is the type of the news/programs which would determine that whether it has a positive or negative affect on the future generation of nations.

      Reply ↓

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *