Contraception and abortion

Emily Smith

Reproductive Rights Activism in the Pioneer Valley:

1965 – 1973

            The University of Massachusetts Amherst is the large, flagship school located in the Pioneer Valley of Western Massachusetts.  In the 1960’s and 1970’s, these communities participated in the drastic transformation of societal beliefs around fertility control.  The events that occurred in this community epitomize the national struggle for reproductive rights.  The movement occurred as a result of grass roots networks and activists who strengthened the resistances to and demand for change of the laws against contraceptives and birth control.

History

Family planning and fertility control have a complicated history in the United States.  The reproductive rights movement of the 1960’s and 1970’s can be fully understood only in the context from which it emerged.  In the post World War II United States, society was very conservative: pronatalism and traditional gender roles defined popular social beliefs.  Until the 1965 Supreme Court case Griswald v. Connecticut, in which the Court ruled that married couples had a right to privacy guaranteed by the Constitution, it was illegal in some states for married couples to access contraceptives.  By the 1960’s, the sexual revolution was challenging traditional values, although abortion and contraceptive use by unmarried individuals remained illegal.  Simultaneously, the Civil Rights and student movements of the 1950’s and 1960’s were catalysts for the revival of the feminist movement (Gordon: 2002 298).  Activism for reproductive rights developed among second wave feminists.  Another factor that contributed to a demand for the right to abortion included the intensified repression of abortions during the conservative, pronatalist, and anti-subversive era of the 1950’s.  While abortion had been tolerated as a necessity in previous decades of the twentieth century, especially during the Great Depression, the government and the police intensified their prosecution of abortionists (to whom some physicians referred their own private patients) during the post-war period.  The increased restrictions on the procedure created the culture in which women resorted to the infamous back alley abortions As a consequence, the “abortion rights movement arose out of the deteriorating conditions of abortion and the frustrations of both women and physicians” (Regan 1997: 216).  Although both professionals and women were frustrated with the current laws, the groups had different goals: physicians wanted regulations on abortion and feminist activists wanted the repeal of all anti-abortion laws.

Abortion rights activist Patricia Maginnis founded the Society for Humane Abortion, in California in 1961.  Maginnis rejected the professional movement’s demands for reform because they would give doctors the power to decide whether they would perform an abortion.  SHA did not want the medical profession to have that power over women’s bodies; they wanted women to make the choice about what was right for them (Regan 1997: 223).  The Society for Humane Abortions was the first women’s organization to frame abortion as a women’s rights issue, and it “…radicalized the abortion discourse when it proclaimed abortion as a right and demanded repeal of abortion laws” (224).

In 1965, another grassroots abortion advocate, Heather Booth, began organizing women and female college students in Chicago into a collective called Jane; they formed a grassroots network of information about access to abortion (Regan 1997: 224).  Between 1969 and 1973, the underground organization assisted more than eleven thousand women to obtain illegal abortions.  Jane was a radical organization not only because it provided clients with abortions but also because counselors – women without medical degrees – learned to perform abortions on their clients.  The women in Jane not only broke the law, they also defied the powerful institution of medicine (Gordon: 2002 301).

Although abortion was illegal in most states until 1973, the medical procedure was not as controversial in society as it became.  Gordon theorizes that “the spread of a feminist understanding of abortion as a right of self-determinations to which all women were entitled” replaced the “previously dominant view of abortion as…a form of medical treatment” that was intended to solve a private problem (300).  As abortion became linked with feminism, society began to reject a historically socially tolerated form of birth control.

 

Massachusetts

 

In 1965, the Supreme Court ruled in Griswold v. Connecticut that married couples had a constitutional right to privacy that guaranteed them the right to contraceptives.  One year later, Massachusetts was one of the last states in that nation to legalize the prescription of contraceptives for married couples.  In the 1972 the Supreme Court case Eisenstadt v. Baird, which originated in Massachusetts, extended the constitutional right to privacy established in Griswald v. Connecticut to individuals, regardless of their marital status.  Massachusetts was impervious to the changing social views on premarital sex and family planning.  Because of the extent of the conservative laws and the government’s resistance to change, Massachusetts became an important site in the activism for reproductive rights (Cline 2006: 3).

Pioneer Valley

 

The Pioneer Valley is a unique community in Massachusetts because of the high concentration of college students.  Because of the large proportion of young, unmarried women, the Valley had an increased demand for contraceptives and abortion.  Many students and community members who became active in the reproductive rights movement had already been active in other liberal movements like the anti-war movement. In the decades preceding Eisenstadt v. Baird and Roe v. Wade, a network comprised of health professionals, feminist activists, and liberal clergy provided information about and access to contraceptives and abortion in the Pioneer Valley.

Physicians were often placed between the conflicting needs of their patients and the state laws.  The director of University Health Services, Dr. Robert Gage, defied the law by providing unmarried graduate and undergraduate women with diaphragms.  Before Dr. Gage became the director of UHS, physicians were able to make their own decision, on a case by case basis, about whether to prescribe birth control to unmarried students; the women were often subjected to “humiliating difficulties” (Cline 61).  Dr. Gage reformed the system by assigning the task to only physicians who agreed to work in the program and incorporating an educational component (Cline 61).  The administration was aware and supportive of his services, even though they were illegal (Cline 5).  Although UHS was an important resource for unmarried women who wanted contraceptives, Dr. Gage would not provide abortion referrals; he believed that, because the university was a state-funded school, providing illegal abortion referrals to its students would have been too high of a risk (Cline 2006: 88).

Physicians working in the valley found ways to circumvent the laws that were intended to prevent the prescription of contraceptives to unmarried women.  They justified defying state laws on the basis of the health of their patients.  Greenfield physician Merritt Garland fitted patients for diaphragms.  In order to circumvent the law, Dr. Garland wrote the size of the diaphragm on a notepad – not a prescription pad. The women could then buy the appropriate diaphragm at the pharmacy.  Patients could access adequate diaphragms without an illegal prescription (Cline 2006: 71).  When patients would consult Dr. Garland about their desire for an abortion, he would refer them to an abortionist and a “post-abortion check-up” (Cline 2006: 72).  By defying the laws, physicians were reinforcing a growing social movement of resistance to the laws.

A subversive network also emerged from a surprising place: the clergy.  The chaplain of Smith College, Reverend Richard Unsworth, founded the Massachusetts chapter of the Clergy Consultation Service on Abortion.  The ministers and rabbis in CCS provided women with counseling services and information about the options they had available to them.  Additionally, they reviewed abortion clinics and referred women only to safe clinics (Cline 2006: 6).

The clergy argued that, although they were defying the state laws, they were answering to a higher law.  Rabbi Yechiael Lander, for example, felt that he was compelled by his beliefs in Judaism to help women with problem pregnancies, even if it meant breaking state laws (Cline 2006: 155). The catalyst for Reverend Unsworth’s involvement in CCS was the deaths of two young women he knew personally.  He remembered that, had he been arrested, he would have said: “I do this in good conscience.  I know it’s against the law and if you have to put me in jail, put me in jail, but I’m going to hold this position because I think it’s right and proper and I think the law is wrong” (Cline 2006: 132).  The physicians and the clergy in the Valley were not only providing women with resources and support, they were also creating networks of opposition to the laws on abortion and birth control.

A third faction of the abortion and birth control network in the valley were the feminist activists.  Amherst Women’s Liberation, a consciousness-raising group founded by the wives of faculty at Amherst College, created the Abortion and Birth Control Group after the death of Nancy Kierzek from a botched abortion in 1970.  Kierzek was a twenty-one year old University of Massachusetts student.  The ABC group provided women and students with problem pregnancy counseling and abortion referrals.

The women “viewed their abortion referral work as building upon the work of the clergy and health professionals” but they had different motivations (Cline 2006: 181). Unlike the physicians, who based their actions on medical rational, or the members of CCS, who felt they were answering to a higher law, the women in the ABC group advocated for the right to abortion and birth control with a feminist lens.  While the medical and religious institutions were dominated by men, the feminist groups “believed that a woman should have the power to make decisions over her own body and that other women should be the ones that helped inform her of her options” (Cline 2006: 181).  In this way, the ABC group was arguably more radical than the clergy and physicians.

The Abortion and Birth Control Group also organized public forums and speak outs on the UMass campus.  The women emphasized the importance of education: they gave public talks and handed out pamphlets about birth control (Cline 2006: 197).  An announcement in The Daily Collegian stated that a panel of speakers would discuss birth control and abortion in the Amherst Regional Junior High School on Monday, September 27th, 1971.  However, they had to move the forum to an auditorium at the University; the Amherst schools administration accused the group of being undemocratic because they did not allow men to be members.  They were seen as radical because of their feminist rhetoric (Cline 2006: 192). The auditorium was filled with college students.  Both Reverend Unsworth and Dr. Gage spoke at the forum, as well as Dr. Castellano Turner, a professor of psychology at UMass.  The Clergy Consultation Service provided counseling at the forum (Cline 2006: 193).  Robin Dizard reflects that one of the most important contributions made by the ABC group was that they “made abortion no longer a secret” (Cline 2006: 208).

The women in the Abortion and Birth Control group consciously broke the law, and the group lacked the professional and moral protection that the physicians and the clergy enjoyed.  As a result, they were concerned about being arrested.  These fears and concerns manifested themselves in the women’s suspicions of infiltrators.  Robin Dizard remembers: “There were persistent rumors that our women’s movement had been worrisome enough to the FBI for them to have sent an agent or somebody to check us out” (Cline 2006: 198).  The women also worried about the clinic, so they protected their clients by destroying their contact information (Cline 2006: 195).

In 1970, in Springfield, another group of women founded the Women’s Health Counseling Service, which provided information about birth control, abortion counseling, and referrals.  Like the women in Amherst, the Springfield women felt compelled to become involved in reproductive rights.  Sherri Oake, a founding member, reflected that, like many women, she became concerned about women’s rights after being marginalized by the sexism in other leftist movements (Cline 2006: 211).

The Women’s Health Counseling Service was radical because volunteers drove women across state lines to get abortions.  Ann Meeropol and Alice Zaft drove to New York, where abortion was legalized, on several occasions.  Sometimes they went to inspect a clinic, other times, they drove clients to get an abortion (Cline 2006: 217).  Zaft remembered:

“We were all putting ourselves at risk.  I think that after we were doing it awhile, there was a crackdown on bringing women across (state lines for abortions).  People were being stopped and arrested.  I remember this heightened sense of it being like an underground railroad kind of a thing.” (Cline 2006: 214)

 

The volunteers at the Springfield Women’s Health Counseling Service, the women of the Abortion and Birth Control group, the members of the Clergy Consolation Service, and the physicians at the University and in the community worked separately, often used similar tactics, and were motivated by different beliefs.  They defied their government’s laws to provide women with access to safe and effective ways to control their fertility.

University of Massachusetts Students

University of Massachusetts students were a primary population served by those organizations.  Many students broke the laws in order to control their fertility, and many of them relied on these organizations as support.  On November 9th, 1970, the Daily Collegian published an article about abortion. The first line of the article bluntly states: “If you’re pregnant and have decided on an abortion, it’s helpful to know what to expect” (Daily Collegian).  An anonymous UMass student described her experience of seeking out the Clergy Consultation Service for an abortion referral.  She described the staff at CCS as “helpful” and tactful.  They provided her with a detailed explanation of what to expect in New York as well as information about contraceptives.  The woman and the newspaper’s willingness to talk openly about a medical procedure that was illegal in the state was relatively radical, but students on the UMass campus had already been actively involved in the reproductive rights movement for years.

On Wednesday, April 10, 1968, Zelda Bilsey, a junior at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, purchased Emko Foam at Zayre’s, a department store.  Because she was not married, Zayre’s broke the law by providing her with birth control (LeBlanc 2).  The Massachusetts law, Crimes Against Chastity, Morality, Decency, and Good Order, stated:

“…whoever sells, lends, gives away, exhibits or offers to sell, lend or give away an instrument or other article intended to be used for self-abuse, or any drug medicine, instrument or article whatever for the prevention of conception or for causing unlawful abortion, or advertises the same, or writes, prints, or causes to be written or printed a card, circular, book, pamphlet, advertisement or notice of any kind stating when, where, how, of whom, or by what means such article can be purchased or obtained, or manufactures or makes any such article shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for not more than five years or in jail or the house of correction for not more than two and one half years or by a fine of not less than one hundred nor more than two thousand dollars.” (Massachusetts General Laws Annotated, Chapter 272)

 

Emko Foam was advertised as “the family planning product,” and Zelda Bilsey chose to challenge the law “in support of William Baird’s attempts to point out the ‘hypocrisy’ of state laws on the subject” (LeBlanc 1968: 3).  Bill Baird was a controversial national activist for abortion and birth control.  He had been arrested on April 8, 1967 for “holding up a birth control pill” during a speech in Boston; he also provided an unmarried college student with contraceptives.  At the time of Bilsey’s civil disobedience, Baird was facing a ten-year jail sentence for his actions (Hopkins 1968: 7).  Bill Baird had been invited by the UMass class of 1970 to speak at the Student Union on the evening that Zelda Bilsey broke the law.  After purchasing the contraceptive, Bilsey and others repeatedly called the local and state police to report the store’s crime.  However, the law enforcement refused to arrest the store manager; this revealed the hypocrisy: Baird and Zayre’s broke the same law, but only the former was being prosecuted (Fiakow 1968: 1).

Later that day, the Student Senate voted unanimously to support Bill Baird and his campaign.  The Senate also endorsed the demonstration at Zayre’s scheduled for the following day, which was sponsored by The Daily Collegian (LeBlanc 1968: 1). The staff at The Daily Collegian was a major force in rallying student support for the demonstration.  Adjacent to an article about Bill Baird was an advertisement for the April 11th demonstration, which called on students to become active.  It demanded of students: “Will you stop talking about ‘commitment’ and take some action that will bring instant results?” and “Will you support Bill Baird, a man who now faces a ten-year prison sentence because he is fighting a law which determines your own moral code for you?” (Daily Collegian).

In a letter published by The Daily Collegian, Bill Baird wrote that, on the night before the demonstration, he worked with UMass students until one o’clock in the morning: “Some of us were making signs for the birth control rally at Zayre’s; others were getting fliers ready and writing copy for the newspaper” (Baird 1968: 1).  Many of the students were editors and staffers at The Daily Collegian.  Two hundred students marched with Baird, peacefully, to Zayre’s.  Ronlald LaBrecque reported that “student groups (were) forming to carry on Baird’s crusade” after he left the university (8).

John H. Dean Junior, the Editor-in-Chief of the Daily Collegian, was a strong supporter of Baird.  He urged students to support the crusade not only by signing the petition but also by raising money to fund the activist’s upcoming court cases.

Within twenty-four hours of the first demonstration, approximately nine hundred students signed the petition asking the Governor Volpe to update the state laws (Hopkins 1968: 2).  Two weeks later, the petition had more than three thousands signatures (Daily Collegian, April 25, 1968).  Students mobilized quickly, and, Baird reflected: “Supporters were mainly the students” (Interview). On April 17th, 1968, The Daily Collegian reported that the recently formed student groups had raised enough money to hire David Burres, an attorney, who would contest that the Crimes Against Chastity, Morality, Decency, and Good Order law was unequally enforced.

On April 30, 1968, students were bused to Boston to rally outside of Governor Volpe’s office.  They marched with Boston University students to the State House.  A delegation comprised of Baird and UMass students Stafford Sheehan, Karen Morton, Dana Tibow, and Helen Madden presented the petition to the governor (Daily Collegian, May 1, 1968).  In a recent interview, Baird reflected that UMass students were some of his strongest defenders, and that their support was instrumental in his activism.  In 1972, the Supreme Court ruled on the case of Baird v Eisenstadt: the decision guaranteed people the right to contraceptives, regardless of their marital status.

As second wave feminism gained momentum, identity politics shaped the thinking of students involved in reproductive rights activism.  In a 1971 article entitled Abortion: a Feminist Perspective, UMass student Nancy Williamson, writes:

“The question of abortion and a woman’s right to obtain one directly threatens the institutions of the family, the church, and the state; in short, the whole sexist society in which we live.  We are not asking for abortion.  We are asking for control of our bodies and thus our lives.  Once abortion laws are repealed our bodies will no longer be controlled from without.  They will be controlled from within – through our own choice, through the dictates of our own minds.  Woman will control herself.  She will not be controlled by the state.” (Williamson 1971)

 

Williamson is challenging powerful social institutions.  She continues to explain that “voting is not enough” and that women need to “make a concentrated effort right now to change the laws in every state in the country” (Williamson 1971).  Williamson called for a mass movement of women and feminists demanding the repeal of abortion laws.

Conclusion

Resistance to the oppressive state and federal laws on contraceptives and abortion had many forms.  Physicians circumvented the laws to meet the health needs of their patients.  Members of the clergy ignored man made laws in order to answer their “higher law.”  Feminist activists created underground networks of support for women with problem pregnancies.  University of Massachusetts students mobilized to change the repressive legislation.  They often worked independently, but their efforts were always interconnected by their willingness to risk being jailed because of their beliefs: together, these networks fought and defied the laws that oppressed them.  The Western Massachusetts community exemplifies the national movement for reproductive rights.

 

Works Cited

 

“Abortion and What to Expect.” The Daily Collegian [University of Massachusetts] 9       Nov. 1971: 1. Print.

 

Baird, Bill. “An Open Letter: Baird Thanks the Students of UMass.” The Daily     Collegian [University of Massachusetts] 11 Apr. 1968, XCVI ed., sec. 120. Print.

“Baird Campaign Continues; Boston Plans Formulated.” The Daily Collegian [University of Massachusetts] 17 Apr. 1968. Print.

 

Bill Baird.  Personal interview. 10 April 2011.

“Baird, UMass Group March to Capitol; Present Petitions on Birth Control.” The Daily     Collegian [University of Massachusetts] 1 May 1968: 1. Print.

Cline, David P. Creating Choice: A Community Responds to the Need for Abortion and     Birth Control, 1961-1973. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. Print.

 

Fialkow, Jan. “Baird, Students Test Birth Control Law; Police Refuse to Take Action       Against Zayre’s.” The Daily Collegian [University of Massachusetts] 11 Apr.         1968, XCVI ed., sec. 121: 1. Print.

Gordon, Linda. The Moral Property of Women: a History of Birth Control Politics in         America. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois, 2002. Print.

 

Hopkins, Joseph D. “Students to Protest Birth Control Laws” The Springfield Union 11    April 1968. Print.

 

LaBreque, Ronald J. “200 Students Picket Zayre’s; Hope to Meet with Volpe Soon” The  Daily Collegian [University of Massachusetts] 12 April 1968: 1. Print.

 

LeBlanc, Don. “MDC, Senate Endorse Bill Baird; Students to Rally at Zayre’s.” The        Daily Collegian [University of Massachusetts] 11 April 1968: 1. Print.

 

Reagan, Leslie J. When Abortion Was a Crime: Women, Medicine, and Law in the United  States, 1867-1973. Berkeley: University of California, 1997. Print.

 

Williamson, Nancy. “Abortion: A Feminist Perspective.”  Women’s Studies. Operations    and Administration History. 25/W5.

492 thoughts on “Contraception and abortion”

  1. Hi I don’t know whether or not it’s me or even your website
    but it’s loading slow for me personally, I had to spend just like a few moments to load up and yet gmail operates absolutely .
    Anyways, I would like to thank you for placing amazing content.

    I believe it has already been incredibly helpful to individual who click here.
    I personally must state that you really have done amazing work with
    this as well as wish to check out much more awesome stuff from you.
    Just after checking out your article, I’ve book marked your
    web page.

  3. Given that all discs will eventually get destroyed, this does not justify
    the option to buy a new game of the same title.

    The particular cell phone you use will identify if it is compatible together with your preferred software program.
    The story of The Incredibles is about a family of superheroes with unique skills and they try
    to save the world with the powers that they have been blessed with.

  5. Almost everything else you want to know can be found here:
    Look for me in-game and add me as a friend: King – Dutka.
    The Friv website is designed in such a way that your child will never be able to access these harsh games.
    Even plug-in electric hybrids are being developed which can use
    gasoline mixed with other fuels as a back-up source
    to electricity.

  8. Have yyou efer onsidered creating aan ebook orr guest authoring on otfher websites?
    I hav a bblog centered on the same subjects you discuss and
    would love to have you shazre some stories/information. I knbow my visitors would appreciate your work.
    If you’re even remotely interested, feel free to shoot
    me an e-mail.

  9. Hey other websites performs good in my situation however your website is starting
    slowly which actually took approximately one minute to actually load up,
    I don’t know whether it’s my very own problem or your site
    problem. On the other hand thank you for publishing terrific article.
    I assume it really has been helpful to many people who
    arrived on this page. This one is undoubtedly brilliant everything that you have
    done and would like to discover more interesting articles from your website.
    I already have your site bookmarked to see blog
    you post.

  13. Howdy very cool blog!! Guy .. Excellent .. Wonderful .. I’ll bookmark your web
    site and take the feeds additionally? I am glad to seek out
    a lot of helpful info right here in the post, we need develop extra techniques on this regard,
    thank you for sharing. . . . . .

  14. magnificent publish, very informative. I’m wondering why the opposite specialists of this sector do not notice this.

    You must continue your writing. I’m sure, you’ve a great readers’ base already!

  15. Finding the time and actual effort to create a superb article like this is great thing. I’ll learn many new stuff right here! Good luck for the next post buddy.

    I will bookmark your site and check again here often. I’m quite sure 🙂

    Thanks

  22. Just desire to say your article is as amazing. The clearness in your post is simply nice and that i can suppose you are
    knowledgeable on this subject. Well along with your permission let me to
    snatch your feed to keep up to date with drawing close post.
    Thank you 1,000,000 and please keep up the enjoyable work.

  27. Having read this I thought it was really informative. I appreciate you spending some time and energy to put this short article together. I once again find myself personally spending a significant amount of time both reading and posting comments. But so what, it was still worth it!

  47. I would like to express thanks to you just for rescuing me from such a circumstance. Because of exploring through the online world and meeting recommendations which were not helpful, I figured my life was done. Being alive devoid of the strategies to the issues you have solved all through the write-up is a serious case, and ones which might have adversely affected my career if I hadn’t discovered your web blog. Your primary ability and kindness in handling every aspect was very useful. I am not sure what I would’ve done if I had not come upon such a step like this. I am able to at this time look forward to my future. Thank you so much for this skilled and amazing help. I won’t hesitate to recommend your web sites to any person who desires support about this subject matter.

  50. Family planning and fertility control have a complicated history in the United States. The reproductive rights movement of the 1960’s and 1970’s can be fully understood only in the context from which it emerged. In the post World War II United States, society was very conservative: pronatalism and traditional gender roles defined popular social beliefs. Until the 1965 Supreme Court case Griswald v. Connecticut, in which the Court ruled that married couples had a right to privacy guaranteed by the Constitution, it was illegal in some states for married couples to access contraceptives. By the 1960’s, the sexual revolution was challenging traditional values, although abortion and contraceptive use by unmarried individuals remained illegal. Simultaneously, the Civil Rights and student movements of the 1950’s and 1960’s were catalysts for the revival of the feminist movement (Gordon: 2002 298). Activism for reproductive rights developed among second wave feminists. Another factor that contributed to a demand for the right to abortion included the intensified repression of abortions during the conservative, pronatalist, and anti-subversive era of the 1950’s. While abortion had been tolerated as a necessity in previous decades of the twentieth century, especially during the Great Depression, the government and the police intensified their prosecution of abortionists (to whom some physicians referred their own private patients) during the post-war period. The increased restrictions on the procedure created the culture in which women resorted to the infamous back alley abortions As a consequence, the “abortion rights movement arose out of the deteriorating conditions of abortion and the frustrations of both women and physicians” (Regan 1997: 216). Although both professionals and women were frustrated with the current laws, the groups had different goals: physicians wanted regulations on abortion and feminist activists wanted the repeal of all anti-abortion laws.. This is Jason Vassell’s story. Please include your Instagram address as well

  55. در این گونه موارد نه تنها ضخامت لایه‌های فولادی در دو طرف
    درب ضد سرقت
    به دو میلی‌متر و جمعا چهار میلی‌متر افزایش می‌یابند

  59. شدم مثله اوني كه تو دريا غرقِ دستاش مونده بيرون …
    تو كه نميدوني انگاري سيل زده ØŒ دنيامم كه ويرون …
    كوه هم كه باشه زيرِ اين آواره غم از هم ميپاشه …

    دانلود آهنگ جدید فریان شهر خاموشه 2

  60. زندگی این همه از خاطره ی گریه نگو

    زندگی حال خوش پر تپش قلب تو کو

    میدونم موندنم اینجا خود دیوونگیه

    مرگ چی داره اگه این همه غم زندگیه

    من آخرین آوازم زخمی ترین پروازم

    دانلود آهنگ علی زند وکیلی آخرین آواز

  61. تو مگه دوستم نداشتی پیشم میموندی غم نداشتی

    چیزی تو دلت نمونه جز تو تو دلم که هیشکی جاش نیست

    نذار بشم شکسته تر بازم به من یه سر بزن

    یا بذار اینجا بمیرم یا بیا این قلبو ببر

    رو درو دیوار دلم عکستو با عشق میکشم

    هر کیو دوتایی میبینم از ته دل آه میکشم

  65. The sexual problems are also common and they can be solved by the professional treatment by the gynecologist. The hormone disorders are also common and these can be cured by the treatment. So, if you have these problems then you need to consult with the expert team of the Mannat Fertility Clinic.

  86. Geetanjali Test Tube Baby Center in Hyderabad is an embodiment of the mythical stork that delivers bundles of joy. A doctor that has dedicated her life in painlessly re-creating the miracle of birth. she is the epitome of care and tireless service. Her steadfast dedication and mastery of several complex procedures pertaining to AssistedOur Reproductive Technology have allowed for over 3000 families to have a new purpose and beginning in the last eighteen years.

  87. At Guru Publishing, we preserve and nurture the roots of culture for our beloved tots across the globe, from San Francisco to London, Tokyo to Chennai, we bring the next generation of children some fascinating and enlightening stories told by their grandparents.

  88. Before we look into how helpful online SSC classes are, let’s briefly skim through what SSC exams are. SSC or Staff Selection Commission exams are one of the most sought out exams in our country. They are conducted to recruit people into several central government jobs like in ministries, departments, and organizations under the Government of India.

  91. In many countries, contraception and abortion have been a common incident! It should be considered according to the advice of the medical team! For many reasons, modern people have been enjoying cam chat in online for instance this https://ulive.chat/ar/p site is so popular now a days for cam girls chat facilities across the world! They have a large number of facilities for having chat with wonderful girls and women across the globe.

  92. This tutorial helps the people with solving their problematic issues. I appreciate the effort on such great discussion for the best customer based services. By profession, I work at this https://flirtymania.plus/ja.html site and help with online chat opportunities over the world. Thanks for sharing this post with us.

  95. Meditore Healthcare’s vision is to provide access the medical science and technology advancement in the healthcare sector, enabling humanity a holistic and world-class concierge medicine services with its optimum reliability, precision, and highly result-oriented treatments to achieve cure. Meditore Healthcare is a comprehensive health provider, enabling concierge medical services, elective surgeries, and advanced treatments at its healthcare units, associated elite hospitals, and top doctors in India. Meditore provides healthcare services like IVF treatment, Hip replacement, Orthopedics, Knee replacement, Spine surgery, Dental tourism, Dermatologist and Hair transplant.
    Meditore Healthcare’s mission statement #Confusion to CURE is a handpicked journey from illness to cure is fulfilled by the sophisticated system in place with accreditation from an authority, creating awareness, planning for treatment, availability of modern technologies, and specialist doctors at an affordable cost. Meditore Healthcare ensures hassle-free treatment, patient, alone can experience elite treatment and hospitality to till recovery, rest the formalities we take care of; Paperwork | Diagnostics | Sample Collection | Insurance and Portability | Medical Treatment Interest-Free Loan – Airport Concierge | Boarding and Lodging | Claim Settlement | offboarding to onboarding | Health Follow Up and all at standard affordable package

  101. ستین یکی از خواننده های محبوب ایرانی است که شما میتوانید آهنگ والا از ستین را از اینجا دانلود کنید.

  102. dr Maulik shah Best IVF Doctor in Ahmedabad with a High Success Rate in 2021. More than 1000+ IVF Pregnancies & Our Experts Carries 6+ Years of Experience. IVF Cost in Ahmedabad is starting from Rs.80000 to 1,50,000 per IVF cycle Get the low-cost IVF treatment in Ahmedabad with a High success rate of IVF in Lifeline Hospital, Maps for Best Ivf Center near me in Ahmedabad on Lifeline Hospital

  105. Do not hesitate to communicate with children about contraception. It seems to me that those who ignore communication on this topic only make children worse. I even try to write about similar topics on my blog Povestiri erotice and from the feedback from subscribers I see that they share my thoughts on this topic. Therefore, do not harm children – tell them about modern methods of contraception.

  107. Arham Surgical Hospital is considered as one of the Best piles hospital in Ahmedabad, Piles treatment Doctor Near me. People come to us with the complaint of painless bleeding from the anal area, anal itching, every year trying to find a doctor for piles specialist in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Dr Chirag Shah is well experienced piles doctor in ahmedabad, Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Vastrspur, Thaltej, Jivraj Park, Vejaplur, Bopal, Kalol, Mehsana, Anand. Patients who got the surgery in Arham Surgical Hospital, say that Dr. Chirag Shah is the Senior Doctor For Piles Treatment in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.

  112. Aurawomen is one of the Top IVF Centres in Mumbai. If you are planning to have a baby but are not able to conceive, then don’t be disappoint we are here to help you complete providing the best Infertility treatment according to their medical conditions. Book a free appointment with Aurawomen and consult the doctor’s timing, fee, etc.

    Today, the advancement in technology has allowed people to build families who cannot conceive naturally due to some issues. As a result, many babies are born through surrogacy, IVF treatment, or the “test-tube baby” procedure. A few such centres are available, among which Aurawomen comes under the Best IVF centre in Mumbai. Here you can get premium-quality infertility treatment via IVF.

  139. Best Infertility Clinic in Banjara Hills
    IVF Hospital in Banjara Hills
    Best fertility specialist in Banjara Hills

    IVF Treatment in Hyderabad, Kharmanghat | Fertility Treatment in Banjara Hills | Mira Fertility

    Mira fertility IVF Center provides IVF, IUI, ICSI, test tube baby with in vitro fertilization infertility treatment clinics in Hyderabad India

    https://www.mirafertility.com/

  142. SAP S4HANA TM Online Training
    SAP S4HANA SD Online Training
    SAP S4HANA MM Online Training

    SAP Training Institute in Secunderabad, Hyderabad | SAP Online Course Fee – ES Trainings

    ES is the best online training institute for SAP, software and web technologies courses in Hyderabad Our mission is to train the student with Practical Exposure in subject to get secure job

    https://www.estrainings.com/

  148. After Going through your blog. I got to know more about fertility and abortion and also the government policies regarding them. Thank you for providing the information and I hope that you post more blogs to educate people.

  171. The UN’s Commission on the Status of Women was a key actor: in the late 1960s it defined family planning in relation to a broadened definition of human rights, and repositioned it as a women’s rights issue.

  176. مایکت یک اپ استور ایرانی برای موبایل های اندرویدی می باشد که تا امروز بیش از 14 میلیون بار نصب مایکت انجام شده است و این نشان از محبوبیت بالای این اپلیکیشن می باشد. در گذشته دانلود بازار را برای شما فراهم کردیم و امروز نیز برنامه ای مشابه به بازار یعنی مایکت را آماده دانلود کرده ایم. با دانلود نسخه جدید مایکت شما به هزاران بازی و برنامه دسترسی خواهید و داشت و می توانید آخرین آپدیت ها را دریافت کنید.

  190. V7SB is an Asian-based bookmaker with a focus on Asian markets. It’s licensed organization where players can try out a wide choice of betting options at V7SB.

  212. This is also the case when you make changes to your system’s hardware software, firmware or firmware that BitLocker finds an untrustworthy attempt or attack. For security that is 100% secure, the owner of the device may require the BitLocker keys for recovery. aka.ms/recoverykeyfaq

  213. Vilitra is an ED cure drug that can restore the ability of you to return to full strength. While it’s not one of the options for permanent ED cure, Vilitra 20 mg is an effective potent drug which can give about five hours of active time in which you can experience more powerful and stronger erections at every time.

  224. This medicine may additionally interact with non-selective beta-blocking off capsules antidepressants, anti-anxiety capsules, blood clot drugs, gout drugs, coronary heart rhythm pills, hormone issues management tablets, immune disease tablets, anti-seizure ivecop12 mg , and belly acid-reducing capsules. So, they ought to no longer typically be prescribed collectively.

  231. ایران کارادیو
    اگر دنبال خرید سیستم صوتی از یک مرکز معتبر و مطمعن هستید ایران کارادیو بهترین انتخاب و گزینه است، همین حالا با کارشناسان این مجموعه تماس بگیرید.

  240. آموزش سئو تکنیکال
    در واقع یکی از مهمترین اقدامات در سئو تکنیکال این است که با کمک سایت مپ، روند خزش ربات‌ها را در سایتتان بهبود می‌بخشید و سبب می‌شوید راحت‌تر شما را بشناسند و صفحات سایتتان را بررسی کنند.

  242. انتخاب رشته سراسری
    افرادی که در کنکور شرکت می کنند، پس از اعلام نتایج اگر مجاز به انتخاب رشته باشند، باید در زمان مقرر نسبت به انتخاب رشته اقدام نمایند. همه ما می دانیم که انتخاب رشته، یکی از تصمیمات مهم و سرنوشت ساز است.

  246. Vidalista 20 Mg is taken, people can get multiple erections for the next 36 hours. One’s sex life is so important in today’s world, many men are taking their lives away for not being able to perform in bed. A lot of stress and pressure is being built as he could not be able to share it openly as well. The Wife would be unsatisfied as well. So, when you take Vidalista and make your sex life better, everything changes, it saves lives The Vidalista 20 Mg contains the important ingredient called Tadalafil, when the tablet is taken, Tadalafil loosens up the muscles in the blood vessels

    https://www.onemedz.com/product/vidalista-20-mg/

  248. Malegra Oral Jelly contains the salt virility drug turn, ought to be taken while not water. Simply unfilled the bag and take the medicinal preparation. The gel should melt in your mouth and its action starts amongst quarter-hour. A lot of data are going to be directed by your doctor. Thus consult your doctor before intense Malegra Oral Jelly.

  253. wow!
    I really appreciated it, This blog is very helpful for me. Thank you
    Also Read: Kurti, tunic and furthermore called kurta, is most agreeable and flexible outfit. Kurti is top can be wear with salwar, churidar or pants likewise and wearing every day at the office, party, little functions is agreeable.

  262. Vidalista 80mg is best soft on a full abdomen. it’s counseled to require one capsule daily in conjunction with water or food for thirty to forty five minutes before the time participating in sexual relations along with your partner. you wish to require this drugs orally and simply take it with traditional water or food and continuously you’ll be able to purchase this drugs by giving your prescription mentioned by your doctor.

  267. Looking for a powerful PDF editor? Look no further than A1office! This software is packed with features that will let you edit and manage your PDF documents with ease. With A1office, you can quickly and easily create, edit, and sign PDFs. Plus, the software also includes a number of security features that will help keep your documents safe and secure.

  268. Shagun Sharma Panchkula Model Girls is just the best to help clients in getting the best moments of love. They are certainly the ones who excite you and make the best arrangements to give you the most comfortable sensual time of your life.

  270. VoIP business phone system can decrease your monthly phone bill actual compared to a traditional business phone system. A VoIP business solution can be a hosted PBX system, as well as an on-premise PBX solution.

  271. Infertility is a most common condition experienced in different people due to different factors. A couple who cannot reproduce will go to a fertility specialist to experience the joy of parenthood and have a child of their own. Hence, there is a big demand for IVF specialists all over and doing a course in this field proves to be superb successful and also gains you a reputable position. There are different individual and combined training courses, and post graduation courses involved in this field which specialists can choose their course as per their interest.

  273. Greetings, I’m luxury fashion ista. I’m a designer living in United States. I am a fan of technology, design, and fashion. I’m also interested in shopping and gaming. You can visit my store with a click on the button above.

  275. The remedy is a Tadalista 40 drug form advised comfortable for adults going through the troubles of getting an erection. The product is one of the top charge drug paperwork to cope with erectile disasters and obtain a more fit sexual revel in. When eaten up cautiously the consequences experienced can final for lengthy.

  287. يمكن استخدام نصف كوب من صودا الخبز وسكبها في البالوعات المنزلية، ومن ثم وضع نصف كوب من الخل فوقها، وتغطية البالوعة بقطعة من القماش المبللة، سوف يجعلها نظيفة تمامًا، إذ يجب تركها هكذا خمس دقائق حتى يبدأ المحلول بالتنظيف، ثم غسل البالوعات بالماء الساخن

    شركة تنظيف بالاحساء

  289. ایبو کالا بهترین فروشگاه آنلاین تجهیزات پزشکی و زیبایی
    https://ibokala.com/
    خرید انواع ژل و بوتاکس
    خرید تجهیزات دندانپزشکی

  290. Cenforce tablet helps raise blood circulation from the penile to help a man get harder and maintain a very long erection. If you wonder whether that (Sildenafil Citrate) may be a magical potion for sexual life. This blog will provide sufficient information to assist you in making up your mind about helping yourself. Perfect sex life is something that every individual expects and requires.

  293. Thank you for being there for me to find out here in the etherwebz. I just had to say I appreciate you, and thank you for putting yourself out there. I see you haven’t posted in a whilhey jes, i really appreciate the work you do in the world. i love your writing and your photo projects. i have fss, you can check me out and find my contact info @e, so I hope life and love have been kind to you and you are now too busy to post. ^_^ <3
    http://www.florimapaul.com/Elite-Model-Escorts/VIP-Escorts-Models-in-Delhi.html

  294. There are some blogs I read, but I don’t comment that often. I don’t comment, because I feel like I have nothing to say! You’re succeeding as a blogger if you MAKE me want to reply. That means you’ve made me think, and I’m just bursting to say something about your post! That’s a fabulous thing and I love it when posts desperately make me want to get involved in the conversation.

    http://www.priyabatra.com/Escorts-Category-Mumbai/Young-Escorts-in-Mumbai.html

  302. دیانا و روما یکی از رازهای موفقیت و طول عمر ما در یوتیوب این است که بچه های ما اصلاً آن را مانند کار درک نمی کنند. بنابراین، آنها هیچ خطی را یاد نمی گیرند.

  304. Beginning in the 1980s, women of color formed their own organizations and coalitions to advocate the reproductive rights and health needs of women in their communities. The National Black Women’s Health Project (1984) was the catalyst for others that emerged at the grassroots and national levels. These organizations articulated new definitions of reproductive rights that affirm each woman’s right to make her own reproductive decisions. They placed the right to have a child, the right not to, and the right to parent one’s existing children on an equal footing and stressed that legal rights alone are not adequate. Women must have the resources necessary to turn their rights into realities. Thus, access to health, education, and employment all become part of the reproductive rights agenda, and an individual woman’s rights and health were linked to that of her community. bodrum car rental

  305. Book online Gujarat holiday packages at Gujarat Expert & get great holiday deals on Gujarat tours. We have also a wide range of customized packages for Gujarat. We also operate tours from Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Bangalore, Jaipur, Nagpur, and more places in India. Visit Us: Gujarat Tour

  306. Sex lover can also make use of Russian Escorts in Chandigarh. These beautiful women have an exotic and sexy figure. They are also highly attractive to foreign men because of their bubbly nature and provocative figure.

  319. وااای یه آموزشگاهی پیدا کردم که معرکه اس. افرادی که دنبال بهترین آموزشگاه زبان در شرق تهران هستند می تونند از این سایت کنند. سایت تاپتنا و مقاله بهترین آموزشگاه زبان در شرق تهران

  326. I like these topics very much. I would like to see such topics daily, this post is very good indeed. There are people like you in the world who put forth their views. Thank you so much for posting such a great post.

  344. Occupant la première place en francophonie, filmstreaminggratuit.net est un site de streaming gratuit des films complets en version française (VF et VOSTFR) de Haute Qualité sur plusieurs serveurs pour une meilleure expérience streaming.

  346. Profitez du site streaming des meilleurs Film streaming et productions du Cinématographiques International sur vos petits écrans ! Vous avec la liberté de choisir entre les catégories de Films à voir, les Films Box-Office, les Films Populaires et les Collections de Films et Saga.

  347. Regarder toutes les Series télévisées en streaming avec toutes les informations. Vous trouverez toutes les saisons et épisodes avec leurs pays de productions et l’année de tournage.

  348. Voir serie streaming HD en langue français VF et VOSTFR de toutes les catégories : horreur, drame, documentaire, science-fiction, thriller.. et plusieurs d’autres catégories que vous pouvez y accéder.

  349. La plateforme populaire N° 1 de diffusion des series en streaming gratuit complet en français VF et VOSTFR. 1seriestreaming est connu partout aux pays francophones pour les gens qui sont fans des séries tv et qui suivent les dernières saisons sorties en France et qui désirent voir serie streaming vf hd online.

  350. Le meilleur site de streaming sur lequel vous pouvez voir serie streaming en vf dès sa sortie et ajouté nouvellement ou encore le stream vostfr séries qui sont déjà sorties avec tous saisons et episodes en français misent à jour quotidiennement.

  352. Voir Serie streaming VF HD VOSTFR en complet gratuitement et sans compte ni besoin d’inscription sur série streaming meilleur site 3SerieStreaming. La classification par année vous permet de trouver toutes vos series streaming complet en entier et de voir les épisodes et saisons des années 2000 jusqu’en 2021.

  354. Accéder au streaming des Séries TV en français VF ou VOSTFR des séries est devenu très très simple grâce à notre système de navigation fluide qui permet de trouver et regarder les tops meilleures séries en streaming gratuitement en illimité sans inscription. Utilisez la barre de recherche pour trouver vos séries coup de cœur à regarder en streaming gratuit full HD et complet en direct VF VOSTFR illimité.

  355. Regarder vos séries préférées en streaming vf gratuitement et en toute liberté sur lesseriestreaming.live qui dispose des listes complètes de tops series à voir streaming gratuit complet langue française FULL HDTV 4K.

  408. These babes always provide premium sexual time to their clients. Our service is the best way to erase the feeling of loneliness and rejuvenate your nerves with the exceptional feeling of lovemaking.

  415. Men can use Sildalist 120 to treat erectile dysfunction. Men who have difficulty getting good erections may benefit from the Sildalist 120 treatment. Cenforce prevents the release of phosphodiesterase type 5 after oral administration.

    These medications are very effective in treating urinary incontinence or inadequacy due to the distinct mode of action of sildenafil citrate. This medication expressly prohibits the use of PDE5, a macromolecule required for penile erection.

    Sildalist 120, a new erectile dysfunction medication, has recently entered the market. Sildalist 120 relaxes and increases blood supply to the penile arteries. Sildalist 120 will make your erection stronger. Buygenmeds has created a solution that allows you and your partner to enjoy the pleasures of sex together!

    Sildenafil citrate, the active ingredient in Sildalist 120, is administered orally. There’s also the newest addition. The “blue pill,” also known as the Sildalist 120 tablet, is a popular erectile dysfunction treatment (ED).

  419. Tadarise is the major treatment for impotence. Inconvenient erections during romantic interactions are helped by this for men. This tablet has tadalafil as its active ingredient. By doing so, the blood can reach the penis in the right amount. Because it is insufficient when men are sexually stimulated, this medicine helps to improve blood flow to the penis. Since the penis will be erect, it will be easy to maintain an erection throughout sexual activity since the penis will be packed with blood flow. More information about these pills can be found at Buygenmeds.

  420. Xcotpage is new and fastest growing Indian Adult Classified Website. We are No 1 website in India. We have more than 7,000 members online daily and we will become more popular day by day.

  425. SexyPG888 เว็บเดิมพันออนไลน์ สล็อต 666 ที่นักเดิมพันนิยมเล่นเป็นอันดับ 1 ของประเทศไทย เว็บตรง ที่ดีที่สุดในตอนนี้

  429. Hello
    this site is RadhaRaman i am going to disscuss about cryoto blog
    Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for secure financial transactions.
    It is decentralized, meaning it is not controlled by any government or financial institution.
    Cryptocurrencies are created through a process called mining,
    in which computers solve complex mathematical equations to validate
    transactions and add them to a public ledger called a blockchain.

    crypto winter meaning

  454. نوین نهال ارائه انواع نهال های اصلاح نژاد شده و زودرس مقاوم در برابر آب متناسب آب و هوای مختلف

    Novin Nahal offers all kinds of 100% organic and early water-resistant modified seedlings suitable for different climates.

  455. Prestige Southern Star is a large residential project by Prestige Groups being built on Begur Road in South East Bangalore. The project is the city’s most recent prestigious project. This city offers luxury apartments of different sizes and price ranges. On the territory there are high towers with 1, 2, 2.5 and 3 BHK apartments. The site runs through wide areas of lush greenery around the residential towers. This noble district is an avenue of stately buildings and elegant services.

  463. Hello, Ramanraman is here to discuss GanderCoin, the first digital currency gave in Quite a while, was the business’
    most memorable undertaking to be driven by ladies. The pioneers behind GanderCoin,
    Shaik Ayesha and Subi Ansari, have shown the to a great extent male-ruled digital
    currency industry that ladies can assume significant parts in the blockchain and
    cryptographic money ventures.

  465. I started my career as a model in Delhi and now days i am a famous magazine model. i was awarded a the model of the year in modelling award show. My hard work and my dedication makes me a jumboo girl. I am basically from Gurgaon , residing in mehrauli area of Delhi and just starting my own modelling agency. its an opportunity for new girls who are looking to make their career in Bollywood.
    http://bit.ly/3YmAR4s

  471. The most popular online slot game that is accepted around the world is the magagame website, a hot new website. Developed with automation Able to make transactions without notifying any administrators at all, there are many สล็อต games for you to choose from, more than 1000 games are games to make money that are guaranteed all over the world.

  476. Long Wolf Cut Hair is a bold hairstyle inspired by the untamed nature of wolves. This look features long, shaggy layers with a slightly messy texture for a wild and free-spirited vibe. Learn more about how to achieve this trendy and daring haircut today.

Leave a Reply