Background to Gilgamesh, continued
1. Writing: clay ball, pictograph, cuneiform
clay ball with tokens (ca. 3200)
Cylinder seal (ca. 3100)
Sumer, Clay tablet with writing, ca. 3100
Sumer, Clay tablet
PICTOGRAM: URUK ca. 3200. Account of grain products, bread, beer, butter oil from one goat, and sheep.
THE EVOLUTION OF WRITING
Cuneiform: Computations ca. 2000 BC
2. Gods and Men
a) creation: Excerpt from Enuma Elish“>Enuma Elish
Apsu (Fresh water) and Tiamat (salt water), Anu, Ea, Marduk
c) Poem of the Righteous Sufferer
http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/humm/Resources/Ane/hym$m$.html
d) Hymn to Shamash (2000-1600)